Episode 69- Scarcity Mindset in Business: How Cathy Burke Leads from a Mindset of Enough

Jane Anderson Global Expert on Mindsets & Women's Leadership, Author Cathy Burke

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You have two decades of expertise and a strong reputation. Yet some weeks the diary looks thin, the bank balance feels tight, and every decision seems to come from worry instead of strategy.

Cathy Burke would call that a scarcity mindset in business. She describes it as the mindset that rules most of us, and she has seen what happens when people learn to step out of it.

Cathy spent 20 years as CEO of The Hunger Project Australia, then served as Global Vice President, working to end hunger in Asia and Africa. Today she helps organisations and leaders develop the mindsets, authenticity and capabilities needed to build a better future. She is the author of Unlikely Leaders: Lessons in Leadership from the Village Classroom and Lead In: Mindsets to Lead, Live, and Work Differently.

In this episode of The Jane Anderson Show, Cathy and I talk about what scarcity really is, why a mindset of “enough” leads to better decisions, and what Cathy learned about leadership from village women. This article draws out what it means for women building their own consulting and expert practices.

What Is a Scarcity Mindset in Business?

A scarcity mindset in business is the belief that you don’t have enough of something essential, such as clients, money, time or confidence. Cathy Burke describes it as a story built into our culture, and one that quietly shapes the decisions we make in our practice.

Scarcity is about more than money

Cathy devotes a whole chapter of Lead In to scarcity because, in her view, it is “the mindset that rules us all.”

She is clear that it isn’t only about money. Scarcity can be a shortage of time, contact, sleep, exercise or love. Plenty of her women friends, she says, tell themselves the good partners are all taken and they’ll never find anyone.

What makes it so sticky is that a mindset collects its own evidence. When you believe you don’t have enough clients, you notice every sign that proves it, like a falling bank balance. The belief feels true, so it gets stronger.

How scarcity shows up in a consulting practice

I see a familiar pattern in women who start their own practices. Many arrive with around 20 years of experience in their field. Yet the new context sparks the thought that they don’t have enough clients or enough leads.

Cathy recognises it in her own practice too. Some periods flow. Others go quiet, and the feeling creeps in that there’s no point doing anything. When that happens, she names it for what it is: scarcity, the feeling of lack, coming through.

How Scarcity Drives Action That Isn’t Strategy

I raise a common piece of advice for women building practices: have an abundance mindset, because opportunities are everywhere. The risk is a pressure to keep doing more and more.

Cathy’s answer is that scarcity can produce plenty of action, but it is the wrong kind.

More activity is not a better strategy

When lack is in the driver’s seat, Cathy says, you grab for more. You take more action, but that action isn’t fuelled by strategy. It isn’t playing a medium-to-longer-term game. It isn’t building from your strengths, and it isn’t looking at what you already have.

That helps explain why constant activity doesn’t always move a practice forward.

Research on scarcity supports Cathy’s point that lack takes up mental space. In a 2013 study published in Science, researchers from Princeton, Harvard and the University of Warwick found that financial pressure reduced cognitive performance in people with low incomes. Princeton’s report on the study describes scarcity as consuming “mental bandwidth,” and one of the authors said the findings have implications for scarcity of resources of any kind. The study looked at financial hardship, not consulting, but it is consistent with Cathy’s point that lack crowds out longer-term strategy.

For a practical take on replacing scattered activity with a deliberate approach, listen to Mandy Napier on how to stop “spray and pray” marketing.

The Mindset of Enough: Cathy Burke’s Antidote

From “I’m lacking” to “I’m enough”

Cathy takes her cues from Lynne Twist, author of The Soul of Money and one of her most important mentors. Twist calls the antidote to scarcity a mindset of enough.

It changes the story you tell yourself. Instead of “I’m lacking something important,” the starting point becomes “fundamentally, I’m enough.” The question then shifts to what actions make sense from there, rather than a grasping hunger that never feels satisfied, no matter how much you have.

Take stock of your real resources

Cathy points out that your biggest resource isn’t your bank account, and it isn’t even your number of clients. It’s things like:

  • Your ingenuity

  • Your reputation

  • The work you’ve already done

  • The quality of your intellectual property

  • Your ability to expand yourself and collaborate with others

  • Your ability to get the coaching you need

She calls this the alchemy that can grow a practice through a difficult time.

I add that many women entering this space have done the work. They have enough expertise and enough knowledge. The question is simply whether someone needs help with it. If they don’t, that’s okay too.

Focus on what you control

Clients will delay or pull out. Cathy can’t control that. What she can always control is how she shows up, what she treats as important, and which actions she takes. She also centres herself, accepting that some prospects will say yes and some won’t.

I note that this mindset lets you be lighter and less attached to every outcome.

For more on self-awareness as the foundation of leadership, listen to Maya Nova on mindful leadership.

How to move from scarcity to enough, based on Cathy’s approach

  1. Notice when a feeling of lack is driving your mood or decisions.

  2. Name it as scarcity, not as a fact about your business.

  3. Return to “I’m enough” as your starting point.

  4. Ask what action follows from there, with a medium-to-longer-term view.

  5. Take stock of your resources and put your energy into what you control.

What Cathy’s Bangladesh Research Suggests About Leadership

Cathy spent a month in Bangladesh researching a book on how women in a traditional, patriarchal and economically and socially challenged country have risen up. The project fed into her work on mindsets and belief.

She looked at how women rated themselves as leaders, on a scale of 1 to 10, before and after an intervention focused on mindset and leadership.

What changed

  • Low self-rating (1 to 3): 47% before, 3% after

  • High self-rating (8 to 10): 17% before, 78% after

These are Cathy’s figures from her own research. The only thing that changed, she says, was investing in the women’s leadership, their mindsets, and the way they saw what they were capable of.

What those women did next

Cathy links the shift to action. She points to nearly 40,000 campaigns against child dowry and child marriage, people getting educated, and water being brought to villages by women who had not thought of themselves as leaders before.

Most of us are unlikely leaders

Many people assume leadership is a trait that only a few have, and that leaders look a certain way. Cathy challenges that. “Most of us are unlikely leaders,” she says. She describes herself as “just a dag from Perth who loved rock and roll.”

She sees a parallel with the village women. For a woman in a village, standing up and refusing to marry her child off early takes a kind of courage similar to the courage it takes for a consultant to go after something hard, like building an amazing practice.

Why Women Hold Back from Leading Their Own Practice

Limiting mindsets are part of the story. Cathy and I point to three that come up again and again in a women’s leadership mindset: a distorted view of what leading costs, doubt about the word “expert”, and discomfort with being visible.

Overestimating the burden, underestimating the benefit

Cathy points to research from the Center for Talent Innovation. It found that women and men start their careers equally ambitious, but over time men’s ambition stays strong and increases while women’s decreases.

The usual explanation is family. Cathy says the research found something different, and it matches her own understanding: women overestimate the burden of leading and underestimate its benefits.

A related Center for Talent Innovation report released in 2014 found that 60% of women surveyed in the US and 65% in the UK perceived the burdens of leadership as outweighing the benefits.

When leading looks exhausting, many women decide they don’t want it. Cathy adds that we don’t see many women like us in the public sphere, and many of us have been conditioned to see obstacles. Her advice is to keep working on your own vision of yourself as a leader and as a successful entrepreneur.

Imposter syndrome and the retreat to “technical expert”

I hear a related struggle often. Women building practices find it hard to call themselves an expert. They know what they want to do, but they struggle with the name or category for it, and they wonder whether real change is even possible. So they stay in a safe lane as a technical expert.

For more on choosing a clear focus, listen to Maureen Kyne on how to niche down as a consultant.

Visibility feels uncomfortable, and it’s worth it

Cathy knows this first hand. Speaking publicly wasn’t natural for her, and she still gets nervous before she speaks. Raising her profile was uncomfortable for a long time. She calls it absolutely the best thing she could have done.

Her key lesson is that finding opportunities to speak isn’t about “me, me, me.” It’s about progressing the thing you’re most committed to. She says she didn’t see that distinction early enough.

Women don’t need fixing

Cathy mentors women one on one, runs a public program where women explore leadership, and leads corporate programs designed to change culture. Behind all of it is one belief. “I don’t believe that women need to be fixed to lead,” she says. She has written a white paper on it.

She says women have been told plenty of things that simply aren’t true, and that they are powerful beyond measure. I add that the real work is changing the culture and the messages inside organisations so more women can move into senior roles.

Australian data shows why that culture work still matters. In the Workplace Gender Equality Agency’s 2024-25 Gender Equality Scorecard release, women made up 22% of CEOs, 39% of key management personnel and 43% of managers among reporting employers. The share of women CEOs had not changed in 12 months.

Moving from a Big Organisation into Your Own Practice

Cathy’s own move is a useful case study.

Why she started her own practice

In the years before she left The Hunger Project, Cathy began to reflect on what she had learned as a leader and as a human being. The women she worked with had little formal education, had often been married young, and faced circumstances that made change look impossible. Yet they taught her about courage and about not being defined by your circumstances.

Cathy and her colleagues designed transformational leadership programs, and she led many for organisations including ANZ Bank, ComBank and Sovereign Insurance. She loved the breakthroughs people had, not just at work but as people. She wrote Unlikely Leaders while still at The Hunger Project, and people involved in everything from prison reform in Chicago to work in the slums of Nairobi had read it.

She also notes that careers often reach points around the six-to-seven-year mark where people need to reinvent their relationship to their work. She was heading towards 20 years. She remains a global ambassador for The Hunger Project.

Reputation helps, but there is a chasm

Relationships mattered. While at The Hunger Project, Cathy ran a leadership program for eBay. One person moved from eBay to Amazon and introduced her, and she did further work there. Someone at Amazon then introduced her to Amazon Japan. She likens it to spot fires. I agree that years of cultivated relationships were a big part of how Cathy secured large clients. People starting out, I say, sometimes think they’re starting afresh and forget the life they’ve already built.

But Cathy admits her biggest early lesson was a kind of naivety. Her reputation was strong, but within a particular context. She hadn’t fully thought through what problem she was solving for her new clients. “There’s a chasm,” she says, between the two. She needed to work on her message, and she did.

For a closer look at this shift, hear Melissa Lithgow’s story of going from corporate burnout to confident consultant.

Define the problem you solve

The shift, Cathy explains, is to stop telling big organisations how awesome you are and start asking what problem of theirs you can help solve.

Honour your legacy without being defined by it

Cathy was careful not to turn her back on her legacy. She also didn’t want it to be the whole story. She kept it as part of who she is while building something new.

Build Your Practice Around Your Own Vision

Ask what you want

Cathy encourages women to spend real time on questions like these:

  • What kind of practice do I want?

  • What sort of business do I want?

  • What sort of clients do I want?

  • What is going to feed me?

The vision has to be compelling enough to pull you forward. And she stresses that it must be what you want, not what other people think your practice should look like.

For Cathy, the benefits include being fully self-expressed, making an impact, sharing love, uplifting consciousness and talking to amazing people. She admits that vision is the piece she has to work hardest on herself, even after a big career. She returns to a Mary Oliver poem that asks what you plan to do with your one life, and says it takes courage to envision it and lead it your way.

For another take on building a practice that suits you, listen to Mel Kettle on building a freedom-based consulting practice.

Stop copying other people’s playbook

Cathy is blunt about comparison. It’s easy to look at how others do it, always on Instagram and doing live videos, and decide you should too. If that isn’t what you want to do, she says, don’t. Build your own vision and make it easy.

You are selling an experience

I recall Matt Church’s idea that experts think they’re in the business of ideas, but are really in the business of experiences. What people buy is the experience of you.

When people look at someone like Cathy, I find, they often think, how did she do that, and I want that for me. They’re not trying to become a copy. They’re asking what their own version looks like.

For more on this, hear Gillian Smith on personal brand vs business brand.

Lead a Community, Not Just a Client List

From technical expert to leader

I describe a common trap. When women leave a corporate role, they think they no longer have to worry about leading people. They’ll speak on stages, run workshops and mentoring programs, and that’s all. They see themselves as the technical expert, the thought leader.

But if you want a sustainable practice, I believe you have to lead. You are creating a legacy, and in some ways you have to think about leadership more than ever. That’s part of why I think Lead In is such a fitting title. The next phase isn’t “look at me, I’m a rock star.” It’s leading the community around you.

For a related view on leading deliberately while growing a consulting practice, listen to Rita Cincotta on deliberate leadership and building a consulting practice.

Who is in your community?

I point to Dunbar’s 15, 150 and 1,500 as a way to think about the community you build. My questions:

  • Who is in your community?

  • Who do you need to support most?

  • Who values you the most?

Aim for clients for life

The goal isn’t one-off projects. I describe it as having customers for life, even if they start with a six-week, 12-week, 12-month or three-year program. That, for me, is the shift and the transformation: from being the expert to leading a community.

Why Hands-On Support Matters

Asked what she would do differently, Cathy jokes that she has a few regrets, then says there isn’t much she would change. She started her practice as a complete novice and has loved that. Plenty of things she tried didn’t work, and she believes you simply have to get into it.

If anything, she would have worked with someone practical and hands-on earlier. She credits my practical approach, and says working alongside the other women in Women with Influence has been wonderful. She values having experts tell her what to do, because she believes people should work in their zone of genius. It also frees up mental bandwidth.

I add that many women try to do everything themselves, which is sometimes necessary when resources are tight. As time goes on, though, it’s okay to ask for help. If you have a big enough vision, there are people who can help you get there.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a scarcity mindset in business?

It’s the belief that you don’t have enough of something essential, such as clients, money, time or confidence. Cathy Burke says it is a story built into our culture that quietly drives decisions. Because a mindset collects its own evidence, it can feel completely true.

What is a mindset of enough?

A mindset of enough is the antidote to scarcity, a phrase Cathy takes from Lynne Twist. You start from the belief that you are fundamentally enough, then ask what actions make sense from there, instead of acting from a feeling of lack.

How do you overcome a scarcity mindset as a consultant?

Cathy’s approach is to notice when lack is driving you and name it as scarcity. Return to “I’m enough”, take stock of your real resources such as your reputation, your IP and your ability to collaborate, and focus on what you control: how you show up and what actions you take.

Can leadership really be developed?

Cathy believes leadership is a capacity available to everyone. In her Bangladesh research, the share of women rating themselves highly as leaders (8 to 10 out of 10) rose from 17% to 78% after an intervention focused on mindset and leadership.

Why do women underestimate the benefits of leadership?

Cathy cites Center for Talent Innovation research finding that women overestimate the burden of leading and underestimate its benefits. Her suggestion is to build a vision of leadership and of your practice that is true to you and appealing enough to want.

How do you move from a corporate or not-for-profit career into your own practice?

Relationships and reputation help, but Cathy says there is a chasm between the context where you built them and a new market. Work out the problem you solve for your new clients, refine your message, and don’t turn your back on your legacy.

What does it mean to lead a community in a consulting practice?

I say a sustainable practice needs you to lead the people around you, not just be the technical expert. Decide who is in your community, who you need to support most and who values you most, and aim for customers for life.

Conclusion

A scarcity mindset in business rarely announces itself. It sounds like “I don’t have enough clients,” “what’s the point,” or “I should be doing what everyone else is doing.” Cathy Burke’s message is that these thoughts describe a mindset, not the facts of your practice.

Starting from “I’m enough” doesn’t mean you stop working. It changes where your actions come from: strategy, your strengths and a vision you actually want, instead of grasping. Her research with village women shows what can happen when people invest in how they see their own leadership. And her own move from a global organisation to a private practice shows that reputation helps, but you still need to define the problem you solve and lead the community around you.

Where is lack driving your practice right now, and what would you do differently from a place of enough?

Work With Jane Anderson

Meet Women with Influence. Women with Influence is my community for women building expert-led practices, and it is where Cathy has been working alongside other women while crediting my practical approach. If you want that kind of hands-on support as you build a practice around your own vision, explore Women with Influence.

 

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Most of the guests interviewed are current or alumni members of the Women With Influence community. Click here to find out more

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