Episode 72- Why Culture Change Doesn't Stick, According to Yvette Bethel

Jane Anderson Cultural Transformation Expert, Author, Speaker with Yvette Bethel

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Most organisations have tried to change their culture at least once. Training was delivered. Values were rewritten. Everyone nodded along in the workshop.

Then, a few months later, everything quietly went back to normal.

Cultural transformation expert Yvette Bethel has spent more than two decades inside this problem, first as an HR executive overseeing eight countries for a Fortune 500 company, and for the past 16 years as CEO of Organizational Soul, where she works with CEOs and boards navigating growth, mergers, and cultural breakdown. She was recognised by Thinkers360 as the number one global thought leader in ecosystems and a top five thought leader in culture, and by Trust Across America as one of the top 88 global thought leaders on trust.

Her explanation for why culture change doesn't stick isn't about motivation, leadership style, or better training. It's structural, a view echoed in Harvard Business Review's own research on culture change that lasts. And once you see it, it's hard to unsee.

Why Culture Training Doesn't Stick

Culture change fails to stick because most interventions only target interpersonal behaviour, while the underlying structure of the organisation keeps pulling people back to old patterns.

Bethel describes this using a computer analogy. An organisation has an operating system quietly running in the background: a set of structures, incentives, and unwritten rules that shape how people behave, regardless of what they've just learned in a workshop.

"It's like a computer," she explains. "You have the operating system that's quietly running all the programs... they quietly run whatever program you stick in there."

This is why a team can leave a leadership training energised and full of new ideas, then slide right back into old habits within weeks. The training didn't fail because people weren't paying attention. It failed because nothing about the system underneath them changed.

The Missing Structural Layer

Most culture-change efforts stop at the interpersonal level: coaching, communication skills, feedback training. Bethel argues this addresses only part of the problem.

"There's another layer that holds the behaviours in place, which is structural, that needs to be addressed in order for the sustainability of the transformation to occur," she says.

In other words, if the structure (reporting lines, incentives, decision rights, unwritten norms) still rewards the old behaviour, the old behaviour will win. Every time. Recent research from Harvard Business Review makes a similar case: culture shifts when systems change, not when a new narrative is introduced.

How the "Operating System" of a Culture Works

According to Bethel, this operating system runs on three natural laws that exist in every organisational ecosystem, whether that culture is functional or dysfunctional: interconnectivity, flow, and balance. These laws don't switch off in a toxic culture and switch on in a healthy one; they're always active, shaping behaviour quietly in the background.

That's the foundation of the framework she built her practice around.

The Interconnectivity, Flow, and Balance (IFB) Model

Bethel's proprietary model, Interconnectivity, Flow, and Balance (IFB), is the subject of her 400-page book of the same name, subtitled A Values-Based Framework for Reinventing Leadership in Uncertain Times.

Three Laws Present in Every Culture: Healthy or Not

The IFB model treats an organisation as a living ecosystem rather than a collection of individual personalities. Whether the environment is highly political and controlling, or open and innovative, the same three laws are operating underneath it. Understanding how they work, rather than only trying to manage individual behaviour, is, in Bethel's view, what makes lasting change possible.

Espoused Values vs. Lived Values

One of the clearest symptoms of a structural problem is the gap between what an organisation says it values and how it actually operates.

Bethel calls these "espoused values" (the ones on the wall in the lobby) versus the real, lived values that show up in day-to-day decisions. The distinction traces back to organisational psychologist Edgar Schein's foundational work at MIT Sloan on the levels of organisational culture, where he separated a culture's visible artefacts and stated values from the deeper assumptions that actually drive behaviour. When a company hasn't paid attention to alignment between the two, the mismatch becomes a quiet source of distrust throughout the organisation.

How External Culture Shapes Internal Culture

Culture doesn't form in a vacuum. Bethel saw this firsthand while overseeing HR across eight Caribbean countries for a global organisation.

"Each country had its cultural, external to the business, idiosyncrasies," she says. "In one country, their government and people valued education. In another, they valued labor and made sure every organisation had a union."

Those external, national-level values showed up inside the business, shaping how policies landed, how decisions were made, and how much friction existed between head office and local teams.

Navigating Multinational and Merged Organisations

This becomes especially important during mergers. Bethel notes that most mergers don't take cultural differences into deliberate consideration, which is exactly why organisations end up with two competing cultures operating side by side after the deal closes, instead of one deliberately built culture that both sides can recognise themselves in. Melanie Marshall covers a related challenge in organisational culture during periods of major change.

When clients want to be conscious about how a merger unfolds culturally, preserving what's already working while integrating something new, that's when Bethel gets brought in.

The Real Diagnostic Process for Culture Transformation

Sustainable culture change, in Bethel's approach, follows a deliberate sequence rather than a quick fix.

Diagnostic, Culture Code, Systems Design

The process starts with a diagnostic phase. Bethel uses multiple sources of information, but she places particular weight on conversation.

"I love to talk to people because I not only want to see data, I want to feel the culture," she says. "It comes alive in conversations."

From there, the work moves into building what she calls a "culture code," surfacing the real, lived values underneath the espoused ones. Only after that does the organisation begin building systems designed to sustain the new culture over time.

Bethel is deliberate about pacing this process. She doesn't take on every client who asks, and she spends significant time upfront determining whether an organisation is genuinely ready.

"One of my reasons for that is because I don't want to do any harm," she says. Sometimes a board pushes for transformation the organisation isn't actually ready for. Rushing in regardless can do more damage than good.

Case Study: When Feedback Triggers a Hijack

Bethel shared a real example that illustrates how sensitive this diagnostic work can be.

During one engagement, she prepared to share individual feedback with a leadership team. Knowing that written feedback can trigger a defensive reaction, she chose instead to deliver it in person, over an informal conversation, deliberately avoiding anything that might feel like an ambush.

One executive seemed to take the conversation well in the moment. That night, she called the business owner and reacted with intense hostility. It happened again the next day, and again the following Monday.

"I didn't even share some of the really difficult stuff because I had a feeling she would be triggered," Bethel says. The pattern had shown up earlier, in individual interviews, for anyone paying close attention.

The engagement continued, through a pause during COVID-19 and a later restart, because, as Bethel puts it, "I don't know that it was harmful." Her framework for judging this isn't whether someone feels uncomfortable. It's whether the broader ecosystem is being meaningfully damaged.

"You have to balance the discomfort that you cause or create with the impact that it has on the broader ecosystem," she says.

Real transformation work, in her experience, typically takes two to three years, and it isn't linear. "You take two steps forward and then someone's habit kicks in... You take one step forward and two steps back," she explains. Leaders who don't expect this nonlinear pattern can become discouraged and give up too early.

Trust Is the Real Currency of Culture Change

If structure is the mechanism behind culture change, trust is what makes the mechanism work. It's also one of the hardest things to rebuild once lost. Gallup's workplace research describes trust as being "in a bear market" across much of today's workforce.

"Trust is at the heart of the model," Bethel says. "Trust is the defining factor for the IFB model."

The Spiral of Trust: Why You Can't Force It

Bethel describes something she calls the "spiral of trust," the idea that trust develops collectively across a team or organisation, not evenly between every pair of individuals.

Some people will naturally trust more, others less. Trying to force uniform, one-to-one trust, pressuring people to open up on a timeline, tends to backfire.

"The minute you try to force it, then you're not trusted as a facilitator," she says.

Instead, her approach works at the ecosystem level: raising collective trust while honouring the fact that individual relationships will always vary. People who already trust each other can help bring others along, rather than relying on one leader or facilitator to build every relationship from scratch. This ecosystem-level patience is closely related to the mindful, present-moment approach to leadership that helps leaders resist the urge to force outcomes.

What Workplace Cliques Are Really Telling You

Cliques are often treated as a behaviour problem to be shut down. Bethel sees them differently, as a symptom of an unmet need.

"Clicks come about for many reasons, but a lot of them happen because people need a valve," she says. "They need to open the valve. It's a release."

When people don't have a formal outlet to express frustration or dissatisfaction, that tension doesn't disappear; it moves underground into informal, closed groups. Left unaddressed, the complaining becomes a static, self-reinforcing loop that steadily erodes trust across the wider organisation.

The fix isn't punishing the clique. It's building a formal system, and leaders aware enough to use it, that gives people a legitimate way to raise issues and see them addressed.

Building a Consulting Practice on Trust, Not Transactions

Bethel's approach to culture change also shapes how she's built her own consulting practice, a model that offers a useful lesson for consultants and thought leaders more broadly, not just for internal HR teams, and one that echoes what Kim Seeling Smith shares about building a consulting practice around your own expertise.

Yvette's Partnership and Licensing Model

Rather than scaling by hiring staff or contractors, Bethel built a network of partners: a college professor turning her work into an academic course, an e-learning specialist, a game developer, and others, each tailoring her thought leadership to their own audience and business model.

The arrangements vary. Some are licensing agreements. Others involve profit-sharing and shared intellectual property when a partner builds something new on top of her original work.

What stays constant is how she starts every partnership: slowly, and relationship-first.

"I approach them as a friend or someone interested in supporting them with their growth," she says. "Once I start partnering with someone, it's kind of like a marriage."

In one case, she spent a year helping a partner realign their business and culture, at no cost, with no guarantee of what it would become. That relationship eventually grew into a partnership covering a significant part of Europe.

This same logic shaped her decision to self-publish her book rather than go through a traditional publisher. Self-publishing let her retain ownership of her intellectual property and create derivative works, including a new academic textbook, without navigating approval processes or diluting her message to fit a publisher's sales targets.

"That would have been selling my soul," she says of handing over that control. "The amount of control I just didn't want."

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does culture change training not stick long-term? 

Because most training only addresses interpersonal behaviour. The structural elements of an organisation (incentives, reporting lines, unwritten norms) continue to reinforce old behaviour unless they're deliberately changed alongside it.

What is the Interconnectivity, Flow, and Balance (IFB) model? 

It's Yvette Bethel's proprietary framework describing three natural laws (interconnectivity, flow, and balance) that operate within every organisational culture, whether that culture is healthy or dysfunctional.

How long does organisational culture transformation typically take? 

According to Bethel, meaningful and sustainable transformation typically takes two to three years, and the process is nonlinear rather than a straight line of progress.

What causes workplace cliques, and how should leaders respond? 

Cliques often form because people need an outlet to release frustration or dissatisfaction that isn't being addressed through formal channels. Leaders should focus on building a legitimate system for raising and resolving issues, rather than simply discouraging the clique itself.

How does national or external culture affect a company's internal culture? 

Employees carry the values and norms of their external environment, such as national attitudes toward labour, education, or authority, into the workplace, which shapes how internal policies and decisions actually land, especially across multinational or merged organisations.

Can leaders force trust within a team? 

No. Bethel describes trust as building collectively across a system rather than evenly between individuals. Attempting to pressure trust on a timeline tends to undermine the facilitator's own credibility instead.

Conclusion

The uncomfortable truth behind most failed culture-change efforts isn't that people didn't try hard enough. It's that the effort stopped one layer too early, at behaviour, instead of the structure holding that behaviour in place.

Yvette Bethel's work offers a different starting point: treat culture as a living ecosystem governed by consistent, identifiable laws, diagnose what's really happening beneath the surface, and build systems patient enough to let trust develop the way it actually does, collectively, unevenly, and over time.

For leaders and consultants alike, the lesson extends beyond the org chart. The same slow, trust-first approach that sustains a culture is the same approach Bethel used to build her own consulting practice.

Work With Jane Anderson

Want more on building a culture people don't quietly abandon? Explore Rita Cincotta's take on leadership development, or hear Yvette Bethel's full conversation on the Jane Anderson Podcast, Episode 72.

If you're building your own consulting or coaching practice around your expertise, learn more through Women with Influence.

 

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Episode 73- How to Leverage Your Expertise to Build a Consulting Practice: Lessons from Kim Seeling Smith

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Episode 70- Workplace Culture, Connection and Engagement Expert Jade Lee